Content: Introduction 0:00 External Anatomy of the Nose: 0:50 Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity: 3:00 Olfactory Part: 4:08 Respiratory Part: 04:47 Sinuses and Meatuses: 5:50 Nasal Mucosa: 7:47 Sinusitis 9:53 ——————————- —————————– External Structures of the Nose: – Root of the Nose (Radix Nasi) – Dorsum of Nose (Dorsum Nasi) – Apex of Nose (Apex Nasi) – Ala of Nose / Wing of nose (Ala Nasi) – Nostrils (Nares) Nasal Cartilage: – Nasal Bones (Os Nasale Dextrum/Sinistrum) – Lateral Nasal Cartilages (Cartilago Nasi Lateralis) – Accessory Nasal Cartilage (Cartilagines Nasales Accessoriae) – Major Alar Cartilage (Cartilagines Alares Major) – Minor Alar Cartilage (Cartilagines Alares Minores) – Septal Nasal Cartilage (Cartilago Septi Nasi) – Alar Fibrofatty Tissue (Tela Fibroadiposus Alaris) – Bony Septal Part (Pars Ossea) Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity: – In front of pharynx, above the palate – Nasal Vestibule (vestibulum nasi) – Nasal Cavity Proper (Cavitas Nasi Proprium) – Limen Nasi Nasal Cavity Proper: – Olfactory Part (Pars Olfactoria) – Respiratory Part (Pars Respiratoria) Olfactory Part (Pars Olfactoria) – Olfactory Tract (Tractus Olfactorius) – Olfactory Bulb (Bulbus Olfactorius) – Olfactory Nerves (Fila Olfactoria) Respiratory Part (Pars Respiratoria) – Choanae / Turbinates – Superior Conchae (Superior Turbinate) – Middle Conchae (Middle Turbinate) – Inferior Conchae (Inferior Turbinate) – Superior Meatus – Middle Meatus – Inferior Meatus – Spheno-Ethmoidal Recess Sinuses and Meatuses: – Sphenoid Sinus opens into sphenoethmoidal recess – Frontal Sinus open into Middle Meatus – Ethmoidal Sinus ○ Anterior Ethmoidal Air cells and Middle Ethmoidal Air Cells to Middle Meatus ○ Posterior Ethmoidal Air Cells open into Superior Meatus – Maxillary Sinus open into Middle Meatus – Nasolacrimal Duct open into Inferior Meatus – Function of Sinuses: ○ Decrease relative mass of the skull ○ Resonance ○ Humidification and warm-up inhaled air ○ Make Mucus to keep the nose from drying out Nasal Mucosa: – Olfactory Mucosa: ○ Olfactory Epithelium ○ Sustentacular Cells (Covid-19 damages these cells causing loss of smell) ○ Basal Cells ○ Tela submucosa contains olfactory glands (Bowmans glands) – Respiratory Mucosa: ○ Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium) ○ Goblet Cells ○ Cilia ○ Tela Submucosa contain mixed mucus glands Sinusitis – Increase mucus in the sinuses that may block them – May be caused by: ○ Common Cold ○ Allergic Rhinitis ○ Nasal Polyps ○ Deviated Septum Sources used in this video: – Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) – Complete Aanatomy by 3d4medical – Biorender – University notes and lectures