Content: Introduction: 0:00 Parts of the Central Nervous System: 00:37 Neurons: 01:36 Functions of Neurons: 04:30 Neuroglia: 05:28 Distribution of White and Grey Matter: 06:41 Nervous Tracts: 07:54 Nervous System Development: 09:16 ——————————- —————————— Central Nervous System Parts: – The Brain (Encephalon) ○ Medulla Oblongata ○ Pons ○ Mesencephalon ○ Cerebellum ○ Diencephalon ○ Telencephalon – Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) Neurons: – Neurons form Nerve Tissue – Dendrites – Cell body (nucleus) – Axons – Axon Terminal – CNS: Oligodendrocytes – PNS: Shwan Cells – Myelin Sheath – Histology: Granules, demarcation between axon and body – Multipolar Neuron – Pseudounipolar Neuron – Bipolar Neuron Neuron Function: – Afferent (Sensory) Nerve – Interneuron – Efferent (Motor) Nerve Neuroglia: – Give mechanical support and provides nutrients – Astrocytes form Blood Brain Barrier – Oligodendrocytes (myelination) – Microglia (Immune Cells) – Ependymal Cells (Lines cavities in the brain and spinal cord) Distribution of White and Grey matter in the CNS: – Grey Matter (Rich in Nerve body and Dendrites) – White Matter (Myelinated Axons) – Cross Sections of Spinal Cord ○ Grey matter in centrum and white matter around – Cross Sections of Brain ○ Grey mater in cortex and in middle an white matter between Nerve Tracts (Tractus Nervosi): – Bundle of axons that connect gray matter to gray matter – Classification ○ Association Fibers ○ Commisural Fibers ○ Projection Fibers – Classification ○ Ascending Tracts ○ Descending Tracts ○ Indirect Tracts Development of Central Nervous System: – Week 4 after fertilization ○ Spinal Cord ○ Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) ○ Mesencephlaon (Midbrain) ○ Prosencephalon (Forebrain) – Week 5 after fertilization ○ Spinal Cord ○ Myelencephalon ○ Metencephalon ○ Mesencephalon (Midbrain) ○ Diencephalon ○ Telencephalon Sources used in this video: – Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) – Biorender – University notes and lectures