Content: 0:00 Introduction 0:33 Blood Circulation System 2:57 External Structures of the Heart 4:51 Internal Structures of the Heart 5:51 Right Atrium 10:35 Right Ventricle 14:18 Left Atrium 15:35 Left Ventricle ——————— Blood Circulation in the Body: – Pulmonary Circulation (Circulus Sanguid Minor): ○ Deoxygenated blood comes from the body into the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava. ○ Blood goes through the Tricuspid valve into the right ventricle ○ The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery ○ The pulmonary artery pumps blood into the lungs – Circulus Sanguis major (Systemic Circulation): ○ Blood comes from the lungs into the left Atria ○ The left atria send blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. ○ The left ventricle sends blood through the Aortic Valve into the Aorta ○ Aorta sends blood to the body again External Structures of the Heart: – Apex of the Heart (Apex Cordis) – Base of the Heart (Basis Cordis) – Pulmonary Surface (Facies Pulmonalis) – Sternocostal Surface (Facies Sternocostalis) – Diaphragmatic Surface (Facies Diaphragmatica) – Right Border of the heart / Right Margin of the heart (Margo Dexter Cordis) – Coronary Sulcus (Sulcus Coronarius) – Anterior Interventricular Sulcus (Sulcus Interventricularis Anterior) – Posterior Interventricular Sulcus (Sulcus Interventriculare Posterior) Internal Structures of the Heart: – Septum of the Heart (Septum Cordis) ○ Interventricular Septum (Septum Interventriculare) § Muscularis Part (Pars Muscularis) § Membranous Part (pars Membranacea) ○ Interatrial Septum (Septum Interatriale) Anatomy of the right atrium: – Anterior Wall: Right Auricle (Auricula Dextra) – Lateral Wall: Right Auricle (Auricula Dextra) ○ Pectinate Muscle (Musculus Pectinati) in the auricle – Superior Wall: Opening of Superior Vena Cava (Ostium Vena Cava Superioris) – Posterior Wall: ○ Opening of Inferior Vena Cava (Ostium Vena Cava Inferiores) ○ Sinus of Vena Cava (Sinus Venarum) (Sinus Venarum Cavarum) ○ Terminal Crest (Crista Terminalis) ○ Valve of the Inferior Vena Cava (Vulva Venae Cavae Inferioris) – Medial Wall: Interatrial Septum ○ Oval Fossa (Fossa OValis) ○ Border of Fossa Ovale (Limbius Fossa Ovale) ○ Opening for Coronary Sinus (Ostium Sinus Coronarii) ○ Valve for the coronary sinus (Vulva Sinus Coronarii) ○ Openings of smallest cardiac veins (Foramina Venarum Minmarum) – Inferior Wall: ○ Right Atrioventricular Opening (Ostium Atrioventriculare Dextrum) ○ Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle: – Base: ○ Right Atrioventricular Opening ○ Opening of Pulmonary Trunk (Ostium Trunci Pulmonalis) – Trabeculae Carneae – Papillary Muscles (Musculi Papillares) – Tricuspid Valve ○ Anterior cusp ○ Posterior cusp ○ Septal cust ○ Formed by Endocardium ○ Fibrous Ring (Anulus Fibrosus) ○ Tendinous Chord (Chordae Tendineae) – Pulmonary Valve ○ Semilunar Cusps ○ Fibrous Ring ○ Nodules of the semilunar valve (Noduli Vulva Semilunaris) ○ Sinuses of Pulmonary Trunk (Sinus Trunci Pulmonalis) Left Atrium – Anterior Wall: ○ Left Auricle (Auricula Sinister) ○ Pectinate Muscle – Posterior Wall: ○ Pulmonary Veins ○ Openings of Pulmonary Veins (Ostia Venarum Pulmonalium) – Medial Wall: ○ Interatrial Septum – Anterior Wall: ○ Left Atrioventricular Opening (Ostium Atrioventriculare Sinister) ○ Mitral Valve Left Ventricle – Left Atrioventricular Opening ○ Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve) ○ Anterior Cusp (Cuspis Anterior) ○ Posterior Cusp (Cuspis POsterior) ○ Commissural Cusps (Cuspides Comissurales) – Aortic Opening (Ostium Aortae) ○ Aortic Vestibule (Vestibulum Aortae) ○ Aortic Valve (Vulva Aortae) ○ Right Semilunar Cusp ○ Posterior Semilunar Cusp ○ Left Semilunar Cusp – Trabeculae Carneae – Papillary Muscles – Tendinous Chords Sources used in this video: – Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) – Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical – Biorender – University notes and lectures